Does human beings have a duty to protect the natural environment Essay

Does individuals have an obligation to ensure the common habitat - Essay Example Air contamination involves the arrival of gases and particles into the climate, as indicated by Harrison (2001) poison gases incorporate carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide. The expansion in these gases in the climate has been because of modern arrival of these gases and engine vehicle exhaust, the utilization of fossil oils has a wellspring of vitality has added to the air contamination issue. At the point when these gases are discharged into the environment they influence the nature of air in towns and mechanical towns, Harrison (2001) states that a portion of the wellbeing perils that air contamination presents incorporate nose, eye and throat bothering, bronchitis, pneumonia, lung malignant growth, asthma and heart illnesses. These ailments acquire high wellbeing expenses and lower profitability in the work environment. The main arrangement is to set up appraisal of air contamination which will decide the sum and sort of contamination, after evaluation air poisons ought to be resolved and suitable measures to diminish contamination embraced. Presently numerous countries have built up arrangements and components to forestall air contamination, in the event that people don't control contamination, at that point there will be no guidelines overseeing air contamination and along these lines the event of the sicknesses referenced will expand, this implies the death rate will increment because of passings related with the illnesses. Subsequently it is apparent that individuals have a task to carry out in securing the earth whereby by forestalling air contamination maladies are decreased and lives spared. Radioactivity contamination issue: This type of contamination includes the arrival of radioactive material to the earth, Kolbert (2006) states that this type of contamination spreads quickly to an enormous region and may keep going for a long time whereby it influences creatures and plants for a significant stretch of time, this type of contamination represents a wellbeing threat whereby it causes ceaseless ailments and malignancy. Radioactive contamination is because of human movement which incorporates testing of atomic weapons, creation of atomic materials and mishaps coming about because of atomic force creation. Thusly it is obvious that human movement is the primary supporter of atomic contamination, the impacts of this type of contamination may keep going for a long time and hence gangs the most serious peril to human and vegetation through ailments, for example, malignancy and other incessant maladies. People are answerable for this type of contamination and accordingly have a job in shielding the earth from this type of contamination. Soil contamination issues: Soil contamination happens because of the utilization of pesticides, oil dumping, modern squanders, spillage by underground tanks and overwhelming metal tainting. Soil contamination presents wellbeing dangers and debasement of horticultural soils. The significant worry in overwhelming metal polluted soils is that plants will take up these substantial metals and items devoured by people are tainted with these metals. At the point when human action results into the corruption of soils the dirts free their profitability and yields decrease, a decrease underway methods a decrease in the food created and in this way

The Mongols Essay Example for Free

The Mongols Essay The Mongols cleared across Asia and Europe in a bleeding frenzy. Executing more than 6,107,000 individuals from the years 1220-1258. Treating ladies like a bit of meat intended to satisfy the delight of men. Yet, how Barbaric were the Mongols on a size of one to ten? Well the Mongols were exceptionally uncouth in light of the fact that they were ignoble, severe, yet vanquished a lot of an area. â€Å"Come out with the goal that we may rely on you as per our custom.† And when the individuals come out to them they search out craftsmans among them and kept these. However, the others except for those they wish to have as slaves, they execute with the axe†¦This articulation demonstrates from numerous points of view that the Mongols were uncouth. Likewise officers would execute detainees by shooting them with bolts or by covering them alive topsy turvy in the earth and tying there arms so they cannot uncover themselves. Causing a moderate horrendous loss of suffocation. Indeed, even the Mongol Yasa (laws) and Bilik (rules) were boorish men were permitted to undermine ladies having the same number of spouses however they see fit ladies could possibly have one husband and on the off chance that a father was to bite the dust, at that point it was alright to wed the entirety of his wife’s with the exception of his own mom. Might you be able to envision our general public if Mongols were in charge? (Doc: 5, 10) â€Å"†¦Severed the leaders of the killed from their bodies and stored them up on piles†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Sounds Brutal doesn’t it? Would you be able to envision the individuals who could slaughter somebody cut there heads of at that point heap them up like some bit of garbage? Well the Mongols sure were severe no uncertainty about it. They were so ruthless they slaughtered more than 6,107,000 individuals from the years 1220-1258. Truth be told, it was instructed that the town of Nishaphur ought to be destroyed in such a way, that the site could be furrowed upon; and that †¦. Not felines and pooches ought to be left alive. Likewise thief’s, didn't exist in the Mongol life since they were so terrified of the outcomes of theft that even the least fortunate sole wouldn’t dare consider preparing. Might you be able to envision how alarming it more likely than not been to be a Mongol or even one of there rivals? (Doc: 4,7) At long last, Under Genghis Khan the Mongols were extraordinary champions. They enslaved more than 4,860,000 square miles. The Mongols had progressive war strategies, for example, before a battle they would encompass the foe. Having there individuals (men, ladies, youngsters, and a few times dummy’s) on ponies to make the other armed force think they were battling an enormous group causing alarm among them as the Mongols came ever nearer assaulting their foe. With this strategy and numerous others Mongols both brought an invasion and vanquished a lot of Asia and Europe. No big surprise why the Mongols administered the biggest realm known to men for about 300 years. (Doc: 1, 6, 3) All in all the Mongols on a size of one to ten were around a seven when it came to how uncouth they truly were. For the most part Because of there methodologies of war, laws, rules, execution of detainees, triumph, lastly how ruthless all together they were as a gathering of individuals. This is valid because of the reality the Mongols were unrefined, frightful, yet vanquished a lot of territory.

Genie the Wild Child Essay Sample

Genie the Wild Child Essay Sample Genie the Wild Child: Victim of Science It is the cruel and heartbreaking story of an abused child, filmed by Nova Prods. It grounds on the true events that took place in the early 1970s in the Southern California. Secret of the Wild Child” is an hour of poignancy which tells us about Genies sad life. Despite the best intentions of the scientific team, she got hurt due to the research. Learn the horrible truth about Genie, the wild child, who fall a victim of the unsuccessful scientific experiment. Meet Genie: Secret of the Wild Child A social worker discovered a child tied to a potty chair in a tiny room. She had been locked here for all her miserable life. Who and why did this to the suffering child? Believing that the girl is mentally ill, her father, Clark Wiley, decided to keep her separate from society. The native father had abused the girl. Genie never allowed hearing a word as her blind mother, and 6-year-old brother occasionally spoke to her, and the father addressed girls mostly in growls and barks. Every time she tried to make a sound, he beat the child with a wooden stick. As a result, Genie deprived minimal human contact was unable to talk. The girls only environment was bare walls and her bed. Having been isolated and abused for over a decade, the girl spent her entire childhood locked in the bedroom, often tied naked, unable to move her feet and hands. The odd child barely walked and moved in a jerky way, holding her arms in front of her body. The truth about the child turned out when her mother escaped with the girl, then 13. Both parents were charged with child abuse. However, the girls father committed suicide the day before he was expected to appear in court. Being discovered, Genie was scarily skinny weighing about 60 pounds as her father fed the girl only milk and Pabulum. The speechless and silent child was spitting all the time and couldnt seem to use language or even to chew. The girl cannot recognize a word besides her own name. Now, the world calls her Genie, however, the real name remains uncovered to protect the privacy and identity. She is the most deeply damaged child world has ever seen. A Rat Lab: Failed Experiment Could a numb child develop language skills? Surrounding with a team of linguists and psychologists, Genie becomes the core of the scientific research. She lives in the house of the doctor, where she stays for the next four years. The girl is interested in drawing; she enjoys listening to classical music and doing well with the housemates. • Communication. People engaged in the experiment become attracted to the girl very soon. As they describe, in spite of Genies silence, she has a strange quality of connecting with persons around her. Within the first year, Genie makes rapid progression, for instance, swiftly learning how to dress. It seems the girl has a strong ability to communicate nonverbally. Genie frequently receives presents from strangers that understand her without any conversations. She vividly explores the world around her enjoying strolling outside the hospital. Now, her legs are stronger, she walks more confidently. Genies eyes shining as people tended to her. She likes to be stroked and soon learns how to hug back. The quiet girl begins to speak. • Language Progress. Fascinated linguists and psychologists have a unique opportunity to study the case. Upon her initial assessment, Genie scored at the level of a one-year-old child. However, she quickly begins adding words to her vocabulary. Eventually, she occasionally puts three words together as little kids do. It appears that the girl is completely capable of learning. However, she is stuck at the stage of language explosion unable to put the words in novel ways. Genie cannot apply grammatical rules to use her knowledge in a meaningful way. The progress of acquiring language is halted. Experiment Failure Due to the slow progress and lack of scientific findings, the funds have been withdrawn four years later after the launching of the test. The follow-up study without grant money is an insurmountable task for the scientists who have been caring for Genie since her extraction. The foster family decides to remove the girl from the house. The bond with the only people she attached and trusted to has been lost. Instead, Genie returns to her birth mother who has found it too difficult to take care of the girl. Instead, the girl is put into a foster home where she is often beaten. Genie has no prospects; the progress she has made within her first years of training dims. She has changed six foster homes since her studies. Eventually, Genies situation continued to worsen, and she regresses back into silence. Today Genie is under 60. She is mentally underdeveloped, speechless, depressed woman who lives in a private adult foster care. Conclusion After all the attention Genie had in the first place, she was abandoned and became lost in the scientific observation. The disappointed scientists turned back on the abused child when they run out of federal funding. Therapist and scientist combined in one person were a great mistake of the team. Genie’s mother put the right question: did the scientist interfere with the childs treatment? How did the research influence the poor girl? What was the matter of more importance, the scientific findings or Genies interests, her mental health, and well-being? It was the greatest tragedy of Genie who fall a victim of the forbidden experiment.

Hrm 430 Midterm - 1411 Words

1. | Question : | (TCOs 1, 5) Which type of compensation program is based, in part, on the human capital theory? | | | Student Answer: | | merit pay | | | | seniority pay | | | | incentive pay | | | | skill-based pay | | Instructor Explanation: | Textbook pg. 6 | | | | Points Received: | 5 of 5 | | Comments: | | | | 2. | Question : | (TCOs 1, 5) Tuition reimbursement is considered which of the following? | | | Student Answer: | | a legally-required benefit | | | | a protection program | | | | a discretionary benefit | | | | pay for time-not-worked | | Instructor Explanation: | Textbook pg. 11 | | | | Points Received: | 5 of 5 | |†¦show more content†¦| | | Student Answer: | | 11414 | | | | 11411 | | | | 11141 | | | | 11114 | | Instructor Explanation: | Textbook pg. 60 | | | | Points Received: | 5 of 5 | | Comments: | | | | 11. | Question : | (TCOs 1, 5) The term trainee is defined by which Act? | | | Student Answer: | | FMLA | | | | FLSA | | | | Equal Pay Act | | | | ADEA | | Instructor Explanation: | Textbook pg. 52/Table 3-1 | | | | Points Received: | 5 of 5 | | Comments: | | | | 12. | Question : | (TCOs 1, 5) This type of bargaining occurs when unions shift from bargaining more for job security than higher wages. | | | Student Answer: | | conciliatory | | | | concessionary | | | | collective | | | | compensation | | Instructor Explanation: | Textbook pg. 70 | | | | Points Received: | 0 of 5 | | Comments: | | | | 13. | Question : | (TCOs 1, 4) This term refers to a difference between the output of a human judgment processes and that of an objective, accurate assessments uncolored by bias, prejudice, or other subjective, extraneous influences. | | | Student Answer: | | content validity | | | | rating error | | | | the performance appraisal process | | | | a first-impression effect | | Instructor Explanation: | Textbook

Freedom of Speech Essay - 2651 Words

Freedom of Speech Freedom of speech is something that, traditionally, has been unique to the United States. In fact, it was one of the founding principles of our country. It was the group of repressed colonists that decided that they would no longer accept the fact that they were not allowed to speak out against the throne. They decided that they would not accept not being able to denounce the Church of England. And on July 4, 1776, what could be seen as one of the boldest forms of speech ever ensured that never again would Americans be subject to the harsh regulation of Great Britain. Then, in 1789, our nations forefathers made it official with the ratification of the U.S. Constitution, including the first of ten amendments:†¦show more content†¦Is it ethical for the United States to even request that the rest of the world join our standard? Finally, is it ethical for the United States to do its own thing, regardless of others? Each of these concerns will be examined and the answer to all of them is no, it is not ethical - but what other choice is there? In the United States, as mentioned above, Americans enjoy a unique freedom - the freedom to express themselves as they wish. But freedom does not come without limits. The first amendment does not protect speech that is obscene and/or profane. But exactly what is obscene? What is profane? It honestly depends on who you ask. Even when brought before the United States Supreme Court, Justices could not define it. Justice Potter Steward couldnt do it either, but said I know it when I see it. As Winchel Todd Vincent III reflects in his paper Freedom of Speech in Cyberspace: Are you a criminal?, obscenity and profanity are determined by community standards. For the most part, people can agree what is good and what is bad. Vincent writes, The test for obscenity is whether to the average person, applying contemporary community standards, the dominant theme of the material taken as a whole appeals to prurient interests. Prurient is defined by Websters as marked by or arousing an immoderate or unwholesome interest or desire, especially a sexual desire.2 In other countries, standards are not as free asShow MoreRelatedSpeech : Freedom Of Speech1364 Words   |  6 Pages Even though freedom of speech can be tricky, understanding what can be said under the first amendment is key. This will give you more confidence when you re talking about current events, it ll inhibit social interaction, but the biggest reason of all is understanding your rights will keep you out of jail. Even the supreme court struggles to determine what exactly constitutes protected speech. When trying to see if your covered by the first amendment, certain questions have to be displayed. AreRead MoreSpeech On Freedom Of Speech1484 Words   |  6 Pages Abby Koopmann Ethics Freedom of Speech Professor Hunt Culver Stockton College Freedom of Speech Americans have many freedoms that people in other countries can only wish they had. Just imagine a life where you could possibly be killed for speaking your mind and stating your opinion, other countries are living lives like that. According to Katy Davis, The United States ratified the first amendment on December 15th 1791 (Davis, n.d). We as a country don’t know where the governmentRead MoreFreedom Of Speech : Speech1105 Words   |  5 Pages Freedom of Speech Freedom of Speech, part of the First Amendment, is a privileged right that should not be taken lightly. The Milo Bill is said to protect students’ right to their freedom of speech on school grounds. It was introduced at Tennessee’s State House and is named after Milo Yiannopoulos, a British public speaker who made a career out of â€Å"trolling† liberals and gained publicity for uncalled-for acts, such as racist and harassing comments on Twitter, which got him banned from the socialRead MoreSpeech : The Freedom Of Speech Essay1624 Words   |  7 PagesCitizens of the United States are privileged to the freedom of speech under the First Amendment, but the constitutional limits of the freedom of speech have been questioned on multiple occasions. Citizens of the United States have called upon the Supreme Court numerous times to interpret the meaning of the First Amendment, and the court has censored some forms of speech such as obscene speech --which has been pr ohibited--and indecent or pornographic speech--which has been regulated (Barrett, 1999). PublicRead MoreSpeech On Freedom Of Speech3937 Words   |  16 PagesZhiyuan Li Philosophy 2367 Freedom of Speech A couple of months ago, University of Chicago’s president Robert J. Zimmerin expressed his concern about freedom of speech on campus in a Wall Street Journal article: Free speech is at risk at the very institution where it should be assured: the university †¦ Invited speakers are disinvited because a segment of a university community deems them offensive, while other orators are shouted down for similar reasons. Demands are made to eliminate readings thatRead MoreFree Speech : Freedom Of Speech1403 Words   |  6 PagesFREE SPEECH Freedom of speech is perhaps the most precious tenets of liberal democracies accorded to the citizens of the free world. The United States, and the rest of the Western society is known to be the cradle of democratic principles, and this can be evidenced by the level of freedom accorded to the citizens of the United States and the West in terms of speech. The freedom of speech gives an individual an opportunity to speak his or her mind and also give his or her opinion, sometimes on veryRead MoreFreedom Of The Media And Freedom Of Speech1540 Words   |  7 Pageswhen Socrates was forced to drink poison for his â€Å"corruption of youth† (Mette), which can be seen as silencing one man for the betterment of everyone, but there is always an ample amount of opinions on such a controversial topic as Freedom of the press, or Freedom of Speech. Many nations today believe that very strict and regulated system of governing the media and entertainment is the best answer, such as China, w here â€Å"censorship was considered a legitimate instrument for regulating the moral and politicalRead MoreFree Speech Or Freedom Of Speech Essay911 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction America is known as The Land of Freedom, basically we are entitled for legal freedom to do whatever we wanted to. However, the freedom of speech has been challenged by many university students and educators recently. In their argument, they believe that free speech has triggered students’ unhappiness and jeopardize campus’ safety. What is the free speech or freedom of speech? According to dictionary, freedom of speech is the right of people to express their opinions publicly withoutRead MoreFreedom of Speech3842 Words   |  16 PagesFreedom of speech Freedom of speech  is the freedom to speak freely without  censorship. The synonymous term  freedom of expression  is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used. In practice, the right to freedom of speech is not absolute in any country and the right is commonly subject to limitations, such as on hate speech. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a  humanRead MoreFreedom Of Speech : Speech And Expression898 Words   |  4 PagesWhen the words, â€Å"freedom of speech† are uttered today, it brings about much conflict and tension. The vagueness of the First Amendment is a pretty good indication of how different times were back when the Constitution and everything along with it were created. Back then, all the Founding Fathers wanted was the establish a democracy using the lessons they had learned from the tyranny of the British King. They wanted more freedom and power to the people. In the modern era, everything has changed, and

Sexual Harassment Free Essays

Sexual harassment refers to any sexual conduct or advance to a person whether a man or a woman that is unwelcome. This form of harassment creates an offensive, hostile and intimidating working environment. It is a wide spread problem which in most cases has the effect of causing low morale among the workers especially those that are frequently sexually harassed. We will write a custom essay sample on Sexual Harassment or any similar topic only for you Order Now It leads to low productivity and thus low output for unions and employers and also introduces an expense to the management in terms of the law suits filed by the workers who have been sexually harassed. Therefore less sexual harassment will lead to increased productivity at the work place and in addition reduce the legal costs incurred as a result of the cases that have been filed by the sexually harassed workers (Roberts, Mann, n. d. ). Effects of sexual harassment at work place Sexual harassment creates a hostile working environment for the workers and especially the ones facing sexual harassment. For any worker to be productive, academic achievements and experience alone are not enough to ensure optimal productivity. The working environment for the worker is a very important factor maximum productivity among the workers. The workers who are frequently harassed either sexually or through any other form of harassment usually have a negative attitude towards their work in the organization and in fact hate the organization they are working for and will in most cases remain in such organizations simply because they cannot secure another job with another company, otherwise they will quit their work in the organization from which they are being sexually harassed at the earliest opportunity. Sexually harassed workers cannot be as productive as their counter parts in other companies that are not facing such harassment. Thus it is very important for the management of every company to ensure that all their workers are well protected from any form of harassment and especially sexual harassment, as this will result in increased productivity (Sims, Drasgow, 2002). In Malaysia a study was performed and it indicated that increased cases of sexual harassment were actually leading to low productivity in various organizations. The ministry of human resources despite advocating for training of the effects of sexual harassment at the work place also made a lot of efforts in preventing sexual harassment by changing attitudes among the workers and the management. The ministry started a continuous program which combined demonstration, theory, coaching and proactive actions which had a lot of impact in reducing sexual harassment and as a result increased productivity was realized in the country (Roberts, Mann, n. d. ). Sexually harassed workers will in most cases, are emotionally affected by the intimidating and unwelcome sexual conduct and advance on them, by those perpetrating the vice. Workers who are psychologically disturbed will obviously be less productive as compared to those ones who are emotionally stable. Studies have shown that persons who have faced sexual harassment for extended periods of time are likely to suffer similar psychological effects as those experienced by victims of rape. Such people will always feel disturbed both at work place and outside their work places. They therefore, perform poorly in their work as they are more likely to concentrate more on the harassment and its effects instead of their assignments (Sims, Drasgow, 2002). Low morale might be realized from the sexually harassed workers as they are not motivated to perform well. Such workers will in most cases just work mechanically to only meet the requirements of the management. They are less creative and innovative in their work since they do not see the sense of improving their work in work places they do not enjoy working in. sexually harassed workers with low morale will produce less as compared to those who are working in conducive environments in which they are likely to enjoy their work and thus produce more as well as be more innovative and creative, thus ensuring that their organizations remain competitive (Roberts, Mann, n.d. ). Sexually harassed workers usually have increased absenteeism from their work places in an attempt of avoiding the harassment. They will fail to attend work as a result of stress and illnesses arising out of the harassment. Thus there is loss of work days and thus the levels of production drop significantly as cases of sexual harassment increases (Sims, Drasgow, 2002). Strategic advantages of affirmative action programs to organizations When affirmative action programs are well employed in recruiting workers to join an organization, it will ensure that only those who are well qualified for various positions will be hired by the organization and thus the company is better placed to be productive. The principle for affirmative action when hiring employees should be purely based on merit, ability and qualifications. It should as much as possible try to be independent of national origin, race, or sex of the workers and thus such should not be the basis of hiring or promoting workers (Karsten, 2006). Affirmative action ensures that only the best qualified in terms of qualification, experience and ability are chosen to occupy certain positions. This will help the organization to survive in the long run as such people are more likely to be more innovative and creative and thus ensure that the company remains or becomes more competitive (Kivel, 1995). Employing people on merit also answers the question of equality and thus the company is more likely to improve its image to the society who comprise of their customers and thus the company might realize increased sales. When the people feel that a certain company is discriminating them in terms of denying them equal employment opportunity, such people are likely to shy away from consuming products and services that are provided by the company. Such people also have the propensity of talking ill about the company, this will destroy the reputation of the company and will lead to decreased sales revenue which might eventually lead to its collapse if it continues with the vice of discrimination and thus companies should come up with affirmative action programs which will ensure that discrimination is avoided at all cost in the organization (Karsten, 2006). Affirmative actions greatly affect the effectiveness of organizations, this is because the most effective and efficient employees are engaged at various levels of production. Without an affirmative action workers may be hired or promoted due to other reasons other than merit. This would significantly affect the overall effectiveness of the organization as less qualified workers might be engaged to perform certain tasks which could have been performed better by other more qualified personnel had merit been used as a basis of engaging such employees (Kivel, 1995). Lack of a proper affirmative action might also significantly affect the share prices of an organization, since it will be less attractive to the investors who originate from back grounds that the company is fond of discriminating. This will in the long run affect the capital base of the company and might eventually make it to face serious financial crisis, thus hindering its effective operations (Karsten, 2006). Conclusion Sexual harassment is a vice that should not be tolerated at any cost in an organization as it will lower the levels of productivity among the workers. Thus the company will face increased costs of operations since it will be remunerating its workers for less production. The sexually harassed workers will be working in an environment that is hostile for them and thus they will have low morale to work effectively. An affirmative action program in an organization is very important as it sets out the rules and regulations to be followed. When used appropriately an affirmative action will ensure that a firm remains competitive and thus its future is guaranteed to some extent. How to cite Sexual Harassment, Papers

Field Report in Tai Po - Hong Kong-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Field report in TAI PO, Hong Kong. Answer: Introduction Tai Po district in Hong Kong is regarded to be a sparsely populated region of Hong Kong. It is also very famous among the tourists and the locales, alike. Hong Kong consists of eighteen districts of which Tai Po is one[1]. According to the locales, Tai Po has been designed on the blueprint of a conventional agora town. Field Report In Hong Kong, there are many historic buildings, which possess the characteristic of being classified as monuments under the Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance. In Tai Po district, Tin Hau Temple Complex which is located in the area of Ha Wai, Tap Man Chau can be cited as a monumental building and is worthy of gaining a statutory protection. Tin Hau Temple Complex consists of several other adjacent temples, some of which are quite ancient and spectacular. Along with the above edifice, there are two other buildings, which can be chosen to be included under the statutory protection act. They are the Tai Po Lookout and the Old Tai Po Police Station. Tai Po Lookout is an ancient edifice, which was previously utilized for residential purposes [2]. The Old Tai Po Police Station is located atop a hummock. It was in operation from the period of 1898 to 1987, marking the British colonial rule [3]. Remarkable social change can be visualized by anyone who sets foot in the Tai Po district. Previously, it was an ordinary market settlement, but at present, it is a bustling venue with the presence of general housing properties, exclusive accommodation properties and a conglomeration of picturesque villages. The administrative team of Tai Po district has implemented various programs to cater to the requirements of the aged population and the people of foreign origin. Since over the years, Hong Kong has been evolving and expanding impressively; people of all cultures and nations have started to immigrate to Hong Kong in huge numbers[4]. As a result, the administrative team of the Tai Po district has adopted various activities to make the dwelling experiences of its inhabitants more colorful, harmonizing and enjoyable inclusive of age, religious affiliation and cultural background. The field report to the Tai Po district in Hong Kong has been very informative and impressive. The responsible conduct of the inhabitants of the Tai Po district in Hong Kong in keeping and maintaining the sanctity, cleanliness and ambience of the historic edifices as well as of the area adjacent to the edifices is remarkable and noteworthy. In addition to this, the general upkeep of the whole area of Tai Po district is equally outstanding and inspiring[5]. The last but not the least, the brilliant initiative to make people of all race, sex and culture to feel included and special in the communal activities and events is truly wonderful and sympathetic. The inhabitants of Tai Po and the administrative department should be applauded and rewarded for their amazing endeavor. Conclusion Conclusively, it can be understood from the above field report that the Tai Po district in Hong Kong holds the capability and eminence to secure the stratification of its historic and ancient buildings under the Statutory Protection Act of Hong Kong. The buildings, the whole area and the local community are truly deserving of obtaining the stamp of the Statutory Protection Act. It will be of great injustice if they are exempted from the clause of the Statutory Protection Act. References Green Hub - Old Tai Po Police Station. 2017.Geocaching.Com. https://www.geocaching.com/geocache/GC75XGM_green-hub-old-tai-po-police-station?guid=77ccfb60-6f5c-4fff-aed7-dcf1a003039c. Howard, Philip N., and Malcolm R. Parks. "Social media and political change: Capacity, constraint, and consequence."Journal of communication62.2 (2012): 359-362. Tai Po District Council - Articles. 2017.Districtcouncils.Gov.Hk. https://www.districtcouncils.gov.hk/tp/english/info/highlight_01.html. Tai Po: The Ultimate Guide. 2017.Time Out Hong Kong. https://www.timeout.com/hong-kong/things-to-do/tai-po-the-ultimate-guide?page_number=2zone_id=1451431. Wang, Lulin, Mingzhong Tian, and Lei Wang. "Geodiversity, geoconservation and geotourism in Hong Kong global geopark of China."Proc Geol Assoc. Vol. 126. No. 3. 2015. Tai Po District Council - Articles. 2017.Districtcouncils.Gov.Hk. https://www.districtcouncils.gov.hk/tp/english/info/highlight_01.html. Tai Po: The Ultimate Guide. 2017.Time Out Hong Kong. https://www.timeout.com/hong-kong/things-to-do/tai-po-the-ultimate-guide?page_number=2zone_id=1451431. Green Hub - Old Tai Po Police Station. 2017.Geocaching.Com. https://www.geocaching.com/geocache/GC75XGM_green-hub-old-tai-po-police-station?guid=77ccfb60-6f5c-4fff-aed7-dcf1a003039c. Wang, Lulin, Mingzhong Tian, and Lei Wang. "Geodiversity, geoconservation and geotourism in Hong Kong global geopark of China."Proc Geol Assoc. Vol. 126. No. 3. 2015. Howard, Philip N., and Malcolm R. Parks. "Social media and political change: Capacity, constraint, and consequence."Journal of communication62.2 (2012): 359-362.

Two Heads Are Better Than One Essay Example

Two Heads Are Better Than One Essay Two Heads Are Better Than One Two heads are better than one. Is working in a group better than working independently? I think so because you can get more ideas, do the work in a quicker time period and accomplish bigger goals. Firstly, if you work in a group there are more people with you which means there is a variety of thinkers. A variety of thinkers means a mixture of ideas and more success. For example, say you and your staff members have created a product and you want to advertise it in many ways. If you were just working on it alone, you probably wouldn’t get as many results as well as the same quality of work as you would in a group. Secondly, when you do group work instead of individual work, you tend to do the work much faster because the work is divided. The more and more people there are, the lesser time it takes to finish the same work. Let’s take a simple example, a project on aeroplanes. You have to answer about 6 questions on aeroplanes and make a poster board. If you are working in a group, you can divide all the work to each member of the group (answering questions, designing the board, editing, etc. and the process will go much quicker than you having to do all of it yourself. So group work is done much quicker than individual work. Lastly, when you work in a group you can accomplish bigger goals because there are more people. For example, say you have a goal to help the hungry people in the community. If you try to accomplish this goal by yourself, it would be very difficult to do. But when you make an organization, everybody can help and you will meet the needs of your goal. To sum up, it is better to work in a group than to work individually. Thus, two heads are better than one. We will write a custom essay sample on Two Heads Are Better Than One specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Two Heads Are Better Than One specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Two Heads Are Better Than One specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

What Happens When Presidents Are Unfit to Serve

What Happens When Presidents Are Unfit to Serve American presidents are not required to pass mental health exams or psychological and psychiatric evaluations  before taking office in the United States. But some psychologists and members of Congress have called for such mental health exams for candidates following the 2016 election of Republican Donald Trump. Even members of Trumps own administration expressed concern about his erratic behavior in office. The president described himself as a very stable genius. The idea of requiring presidential candidates to undergo mental health exams is not new, though. In the mid-1990s, former President Jimmy Carter  pushed for the creation of a panel of physicians who would routinely evaluate the most powerful politician in the free world and decide whether their judgment was clouded by a mental disability. Many people have called to my attention the continuing danger to our nation from the possibility of a U.S. president becoming disabled, particularly by a neurologic illness, Carter wrote in a December 1994 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association. Monitoring a Presidents Health Carters suggestion  led to the creation in 1994 of the  Working Group on Presidential Disability, whose members later proposed a nonpartisan,  standing medical commission to monitor the presidents health and issue periodic reports to the country.  Carter envisioned a panel of expert physicians who were not directly involved in the care of the president determining whether he had a disability. If the president of the United States must decide within minutes how to respond to a dire emergency, its citizens expect him or her to be mentally competent and to act wisely, wrote  Dr. James Toole, a professor of neurology at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center in North Carolina who worked with the working group. Because the presidency of the United States is now the worlds most powerful office, should its incumbent become even temporarily unable to exercise good judgment, the consequences for the world could be unimaginably far-reaching. There is currently no such standing medical commission in place, however, to observe a sitting presidents decision-making. The sole test of a candidates physical and mental fitness to serve in the White House is the rigor of the campaign trail and elector process. Mental Fitness in the Trump White House The idea of requiring presidential candidates to undergo mental health evaluations arose in the general election campaign of 2016, primarily because of Republican nominee Donald Trumps erratic behavior and  numerous incendiary comments. Trumps mental fitness became a central issue of the campaign and became more pronounced after he took office.   A member of Congress, Democrat Karen Bass of California, called for a mental-health evaluation of Trump before the election, saying the billionaire real-estate development and reality-television star exhibits signs of  Narcissistic Personality Disorder. In a petition seeking the evaluation, Bass called  Trump dangerous for our country.  His impulsiveness and lack of control over his own emotions are of concern. It is our patriotic duty to raise the question of his mental stability to be the commander in chief and leader of the free world. The petition carried no legal weight. A lawmaker from the opposing political party, Democratic Rep. Zoe Lofgren of California, introduced a resolution in the House of Representatives during Trumps first year in office encouraging the vice president and the Cabinet to hire medical and psychiatric professionals to evaluate the president. The resolution stated: â€Å"President Donald J. Trump has exhibited an alarming pattern of behavior and speech causing concern that a mental disorder may have rendered him unfit and unable to fulfill his Constitutional duties. Lofgren said she drafted the resolution in light of what she described as Trumps increasingly disturbing pattern of actions and public statements that suggest he may be mentally unfit to execute the duties required of him.† The resolution did not come up for a vote in the House. It would have sought the removal of Trump from office by employing the 25th Amendment to the  Constitution, which allows for the replacement of presidents who become physically or mentally unable to serve.   In December 2017, more than a dozen members of Congress invited a Yale University psychiatry professor, Dr. Bandy X. Lee, to evaluate Trumps behavior. The professor concluded: â€Å"He’s going to unravel, and we are seeing the signs.† Lee, speaking to Politico, described those signs as Trump â€Å"going back to conspiracy theories, denying things he has admitted before, his being drawn to violent videos. We feel that the rush of tweeting is an indication of his falling apart under stress. Trump is going to get worse and will become uncontainable with the pressures of the presidency.† Still, members of Congress did not act. Trump Declines to Make Health Records Public Some candidates have chosen to make their health records public, particularly when serious questions have been raised about their well being. The 2008 Republican presidential nominee, John McCain, did so in the face of questions about his age- he was 72 at the time- and previous ailments including skin cancer. And in the 2016 election, Trump released a letter from his physician that described the candidate as being in  extraordinary health both mentally and physically.  If elected, Mr. Trump, I can state unequivocally, will be the healthiest individual ever elected to the presidency, wrote Trumps doctor. Trump himself said: I am fortunate to have been blessed with great genes- both of my parents had very long and productive lives. But Trump did not release detailed records about his health. Psychiatrists Cant Diagnose Candidates The American Psychiatric Association banned its members from offering opinions about elected officials or candidates for office after 1964, when a group of them called Republican Barry Goldwater unfit for office. Wrote the association: On occasion psychiatrists are asked for an opinion about an individual who is in the light of public attention or who has disclosed information about himself/herself through public media. In such circumstances, a psychiatrist may share with the public his or her expertise about psychiatric issues in general. However, it is unethical for a psychiatrist to offer a professional opinion unless he or she has conducted an examination and has been granted proper authorization for such a statement.   The policy became known as the Goldwater Rule. Who Decides If a President Is Unfit to Serve So if theres no mechanism in place by which an independent panel of health experts is able to evaluate a sitting president, who decides when there might be a problem with his decision-making process? The president himself, which is the problem. Presidents have gone out of their way to hide their ailments from the public and, more importantly, their political enemies. Among the most notable in modern history was John F. Kennedy, who didnt let the public know about his  colitis, prostatitis, Addisons disease, and osteoporosis of the lower back. While those ailments certainly would not have precluded him from taking office, Kennedys failure reluctance to disclose the pain he suffered illustrate the lengths to which presidents go to conceal health problems. Section 3 of the 25th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which was ratified in 1967, allows a sitting president, members of his cabinet- or, in extraordinary circumstances, Congress- to transfer his responsibilities to his vice president until he has recovered from a mental or physical ailment. The amendment reads, in part: Whenever the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he transmits to them a written declaration to the contrary, such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Vice President as Acting President. The problem with the constitutional amendment, however, is that it relies on a president or his cabinet to determine when he is unable to perform the duties of the office. The 25th Amendment Has Been Used Before President Ronald Reagan used that power in July 1985 when he underwent treatment for colon cancer. Though he did not specifically invoke the 25th Amendment, Reagan clearly understood his transfer of power to Vice President George Bush fell under its provisions. Reagan wrote to the House speaker and Senate president: After consultation with my Counsel and the Attorney General, I am mindful of the provisions of Section 3 of the 25th Amendment to the Constitution and of the uncertainties of its application to such brief and temporary periods of incapacity. I do not believe that the drafters of this Amendment intended its application to situations such as the instant one.  Nevertheless, consistent with my longstanding arrangement with Vice President George Bush, and not intending to set a precedent binding anyone privileged to hold this Office in the future, I have determined and it is my intention and direction that Vice President George Bush shall discharge those powers and duties in my stead commencing with the administration of anesthesia to me in this instance. Reagan did not, however, transfer the power of the presidency despite evidence that later showed he might have been suffering from the initial stages of  Alzheimers.   President George W. Bush used the 25th Amendment twice to transfer powers to his vice president, Dick Cheney. Cheney served as acting president for about four hours and 45 minutes while Bush  underwent sedation for colonoscopies. Key Takeaways: When a President Is Unfit to Serve Presidents and candidates seeking election to the White House are not required to pass mental health exams or psychological and psychiatric evaluations.The 25th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution allows members of a presidents cabinet or Congress to remove a president from office if he is mentally or physically unable to serve. The provision has never been used to permanently remove a president from office.The 25th Amendment remained a relatively obscure provision in the Constitution until Presidential Donald Trump took office. Members of Congress and even his own administration grew concerned about his behavior. Sources Karni, Annie. â€Å"Washingtons Growing Obsession: The 25th Amendment.†Ã‚  Politico, 3 Jan. 2018.Barclay, Eliza. â€Å"The Psychiatrist Who Briefed Congress on Trumps Mental State: This Is ‘an Emergency.’†Ã‚  Vox.com, Vox Media, 6 Jan. 2018.Foiles, Jonathan. â€Å"Is Donald Trump Unfit to Be President?†Ã‚  Psychology Today, Sussex Publishers, 12 Sept. 2018.

Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Business law - Essay Example The company core product is hamburgers. Other products that the company offers include fries, sandwiches, beverages, and salads. Those against the organization assert that the enterprise has been behaving in an unethical manner by producing unhealthy food. Although the group has continued to expand its operations globally, McDonalds once used to receive negative media coverage. The hamburgers that they sell have been associated to cause obesity in some countries. In addition, people have questioned the employment practices of the company. Accusations of unfair employment practices have been leveled against McDonalds with many employees reporting a high degree of job dissatisfaction (Taylor, 197). In the U.K, the company once underwent a series of the legal battle with the public perceiving the company as being unethical in its employment practices. Initially, the corporation had empowered managers to recruit employees solely without a clear guideline for the process. The action meant that managers had an upper hand in determining their preferred potential employees. The process of hiring employees was biased and lacked transparency. Consequently, the company ended up hiring the wrong employees. This sparked mass protest from the public because they felt that they were not offered equal job opportunities for the enterprise. Furthermore, the only job vacancies that were easier to secure were less motivating and dissatisfying. Consequently, negative media coverage was intensified which was a big blow to McDonald’s reputation because it adversely affected its operations in the U.K. Interestingly, most of the employees revealed that they had negative attitude towards their employer given the fact that most jobs they had been offered were of inferior quality (Taylor,198-199). McDonalds embarked on a vigorous employer branding initiative given that the image had been considerably

Physical Journeys Based on Away by Michael Gow Essay

Physical Journeys Based on Away by Michael Gow - Essay Example According to the research findings, through the structure, language and theme Michael Gow shows through his play the impact of the physical journey on the characters (travelers in the play). The physical journey of going away on holidays involves both obstacles and as well as movement to new places. AWAY, The Road Not Taken (Robert Frost) and Shakespeare’s The Seven Ages of Man (As You Like It) all convey the same message to mankind on earth – choose the right path (Frost) on this stage of the world (Shakespeare) by going ‘away’(Gow). To go ‘away’ on a holiday to recoup (rediscover the self) according to Gow is what the human beings need to understand. Gow brings out the necessity for spiritual regeneration for a sense of belonging and harmony with each other and nature. ‘Away’ is a five-act play involving three Australian families which go ‘away’ on a holiday during the Christmas of 1968. Roy and Coral (the headmaster and his wife) are on the verge of a breakup; Coral is still grieving over their son who was killed in the Vietnam War. Tom migrated to Australia from England with his family. He suffers from the terminal disease, leukemia of which he is aware although his parents do not know that is aware of it. They are taking Tom for his last holiday together and they are determined to have a good time. Tom and Meg are together in the school’s play A MIDSUMMER NIGHT’S DREAM and they are fond of each other. Meg’s parents Gwen and Jim are taking Meg for a holiday so that she can have a break. Gwen believes that one has to sacrifice for anything good to happen to you. The themes of reconciliation and loss emerge as one family deals with the death of their son in the Vietnam War, another faces the prospect of losing their son through leukemia, and the other by their daughter simply growing up.

Dealing With Global Income Inequality and its Consequences

Dealing With Global Income Inequality and its Consequences Tim Mulligan Problem Background: The passing of time has generally served to benefit many of the problems revolving international relations. As time has progressed, so have human development policies, international organizations and missions for global peacekeeping. Time has brought us to an era where nuclear weapons have made all-out war is obsolete, and where greater efforts towards controlling climate change are technologically possible. Time has not served the world’s income inequality well, though. Income inequality is one of international relations seemingly insurmountable obstacles and this can be attributed to several factors that have continuously plagued and complicated the issue. Although recent studies may report increases in the world’s average income within the past few decades, rates of economic inequality have largely remained the same. (Milanovic, para. ) Moreover, the income inequality rates of the world have risen seventeen percent since the year 1820 and only show signs of continuing this pattern. (â€Å"Breaking the Camels Back†) These global rates have experienced rises and falls in correlation to the well-being of the world’s economy, higher equality in positive economic times and lower equality in times of economic crisis. But, the explanation for why income inequality has fallen—and continues to fall—transcends the simple explanation of poor economy=poor economic equality and good economy=good economic equality. The worlds declining rate of equality is a product of a number of internal and international aspects including governmental policies, ethnic discrepancies, colonization and the earth’s limited re sources, all of which have undermined the financial equality of individuals for centuries. The complexity in the causality of this issue is what makes the development and implementation of appropriate international policies such a difficult task. It is also important to note that income inequality does not strictly affect individuals, but also has a large impact on states and furthermore the world as a whole. The income inequality of individuals within a state or nation will often be indicative of the state’s overall power and more importantly its stability. Everything from economic influence, military power, the standard of living, and political participation are byproducts of a state’s level of income inequality. This is because the individuals who experience this degree of poverty typically go unrepresented, either because the wealthy control the interests of the state or because they are under a dictatorship that does not allow them representation. Without equal representation politically and economically, states often face internal struggles with rebellion, constant regime changes, education, extreme poverty and even civil war. These are indicators of a â€Å"failed state†, which is a state in which the government is not in control of its citizens. This lack of stability can shut down government, international trading, national defense, human development and other things that are imperative not only to internal stability, but to relations with the rest of the world. Analysis of the Policy Problem: Several experts provide potential policy options for the improvement of global income inequality levels: Robert Muggah suggests that positive changes in income inequality and poverty are rooted in the structure and policies of urban city governments. He approaches the issue on the basis that the governments of dense urban cities have a more direct impact on the level of income inequality throughout the world than state governments. His emphasis is on communication between city mayors and citizens as well as communication and cooperation between poor cities and wealthy cities. (Muggah, Urban Renaissance) Muggah takes a liberal and very unique approach to the problem. In his expert opinion, he believes that local mayors need to be more receptive to the opinions of their citizens. This is in order to generate an agenda that better embodies the opinions of those who may go unrepresented because of their impoverished status. Muggah believes that the most commonly shared opinions may not in fact be the ones that are receiving treatment through policies and that a better line of communication between government and citizen could bring about more effective governing in regards to dealing with income inequality. (Muggah, Urban Rennaissance) Muggah also finds value in unifying wealthy cities with poor cities. He views this not only as a source of financial aid for struggling cities, but also as an opportunity for impoverished cities to observe potentially more effective income inequality policies. (Muggah, Urban Rennaissance) A second policy position to observe is that of David Dollar and Aart Kraay. They take a stance promoting the benefits of globalization as a means of lowering the level of income inequality throughout the world. They believe that many countries with high rates of income inequality are in such a state because they lack a connection with other, richer countries. They are losing the battle of income inequality internally without looking outward for opportunity and aid from other countries. Dollar and Kraay also stress the idea that the economic decisions of powerful countries play a huge role in the level of global inequality. (Dollar, Kraay, A Rising Tide) The primary point of Dollar and Kraay is that countries that are struggling with income inequality need to find opportunities in international trade and foreign investments. This is because the improvement of impoverished countries is at the will of the world’s more powerful countries. They believe that rich countries that deny economic integration with poor countries need to be dealt consequences or be convinced to do otherwise. Another theory of theirs is that poor countries need to construct governing systems that are consistent with the process of globalization. (Dollar, Kraay, A Rising Tide) Branko Milanovic maintains a viewpoint that is contradictory to Dollar and Kraay’s. Milanovic does not find globalism to generate the amount of wealth for a country that is necessary to bring it’s impoverished out of inequality. He stands firmly behind the idea that extreme capitalism has the greatest chance of decreasing the amount of global income inequality. His idea is that the generation of wealth and jobs from capitalists will in turn generate a larger pool of wealth and opportunities to be shared with the poor. (Milanovic, para. 11-20) Milanovic’s argument is that capitalism is an unstoppable force and that mitigating an individual’s desire for more wealth is impossible. Because of this, he believes that it is a better idea to employ capitalism for its economic growth advantages rather than push for individuals to redistribute their funds among the poor. With that said, Milanovic also calls for a reform in the mindset of the modern capitalist that focuses more on entrepreneurship and the saving of wealth rather than illustrious spending. He specifically refers to the winner-take-all attitude that capitalists have taken on since the 1980’s which he believes has caused wealthy businessmen to focus on personal growth rather than expansion that can benefit all. Milanovic finds that a country benefits more from internal wealth and job creation than becoming interdependent with other countries. (Milanovic, para. 13-21) Ryo Arawatari’s policy position is based on the effect that voter turnout has on the income inequality level of countries. Arawatari tested his theory that low voter turnout may have a negative impact on the level of income inequality in a country with a series of mathematical equations. (Arawatari, pg.32- 53)The results of his tests found that there is a significant negative relationship between the two, mathematically speaking. Arawatari proposes that perhaps income inequality could be lower if more citizens that were impoverished voted and provided themselves with representation regarding the distribution of wealth in their country. He also found that lower voter turnout (statistically) stunts a countries GDP growth rate which could in turn increase the level of inequality in the country. Although he does not specifically propose a change in policy, Arawatari analyses the value of voting and democracy as a potential factor to change the level of income inequality globally. (Arawatari, pg. 29-32) It is important to note the variety of policy positions that are presented. The experts that are cited have fairly different viewpoints in regards to addressing the problem of global income inequality. The two views that seem to contain similarities (if any) are Robert Muggah and Ryo Arawatari’s. Both of these experts advocate an increase in citizen-to-government involvement. Muggah promotes the value of communication between citizens and their local government officials and Arawatari promotes the value of the democratic vote. (Muggah, Urban Renaissance) These are both solutions to global income inequality that rely on the internal processes of countries rather than their policies on foreign affairs. Branko Milanovic also proposes a solution that involves countries working from within their borders but he focuses on what wealthy capitalists can do to lower inequality rather than what the impoverished can do for themselves. (Milanovic, pg.13-20) Branko Milanovic and David Dollar and Aart Kraay have the most conflicting policy stances. Milanovic belittles the value of globalization, which on the contrary Dollar and Kraay are strong proponents. They disagree not on whether globalization has a positive effect on global income inequality, but whether this affect is influential enough to cause a swift, significant and positive change in the problem. (Milanovic, pg.13-20) Not only do they contradict each other on which policy provides the greatest reduction in income inequality, Milanovic goes as far as claiming that globalization will not produce results quickly enough. Milanovic includes timeliness as an important tool for the support for his argument which other experts did not appear to touch on. (Milanovic, pg.13-20) Robert Muggah may have the most unique position on the problem of global income inequality. His addressing of global inequality at the local government level provides a far different solution than other experts. As Milanovic, Arawatari, Dollar and Kraay champion policies that take place at the national or international level, Muggah has a grassroots approach which calls for change at the lowest level of government. Not only that, but his policy relies on a humanitarian and moral policy change while the other experts look more into more structural changes and globalization efforts. Muggah proposes working from the bottom up instead of the more popular policies which work form the top down to solve global income inequality. (Muggah, Urban Renaissance) Major Conclusions: The opinions of these experts are drastically different from one another in regards to their range of options and applicability. Robert Muggah’s serves as the most loosely applicable option. As a policy based simply on â€Å"better† communication between urban city mayors and citizens, the policy can hardly be called a policy, as there is no structural way to implement the idea either within a country or on an international level. This policy could only be applied to cities which are a part of democratic regimes and in states that have local governments. (Muggah, Urban Renaissance) Arawatari’s policy is much more comprehensive than it is ad hoc. Arawatari does not propose a structural policy either, he calls for an initiative to increase voter turnout which greatly limits the potential application for his ideology. This policy would also be limited to use in democratic regimes that have an electorate and even more specifically, states with low voter turnout. (Arawatari, pg.29) Milanovic is also proposes a fairly comprehensive policy that could only be exercised by a select group of countries, or individuals for that matter. His advocacy for extreme capitalism would only apply to countries that have a capitalistic economy which is a fairly small percentage of the countries which have high rates of income inequality. Also, the aspect of his argument that calls for modern capitalists to focus more on entrepreneurial values of job growth and distribution is not enforceable by government which limits its application. (Milanovic, para.13-20) Dollar and Kraays policy is the more as hoc of the group. Their advocacy for globalization is not only a policy that can be implemented in nearly every country, but it can also be instituted through the means of foreign policy efforts, economic interdependency and foreign investment. In promoting globalization, Dollar and Kraay are actually advocating the expansion of the applicability of their own policy. (Dollar. Kraay, A Rising Tide) The policies put forth by these experts have applications that would not yield results for a long period of time as income inequality and other such economic factors are not susceptible to quick changes. The complexity and depth of global income inequality alone could cause even the most successful policy to take a significant amount of time to impact the world. Arawatari and Muggah’s policies although being the most abstract of the policies, could yield the quickest results due to their more direct approach to increasing the representation of individuals who are impoverished. Muggah’s policy of communication between citizens and mayors could have an immediate effect on the representation of cities and their potential changes to help increase income equality depending on the legislatures of the city. If the legislature considers the opinions of the impoverished citizens then perhaps change can come about through statutes. (Muggah, Urban Renaissance) Arawatari’s policy of increased voter turnout can also bring about immediate changes in legislature or public figures that can provide for higher rates of income equality for the impoverished. Milanovic, Dollar and Kraay have more long term policies. Milanovics policy hinges upon the changing of the mindset of capitalists which may not be a goal to rely on as it is abstract. Also his advocacy for extreme capitalism would not generate an immediate change in income inequality because even if the mindsets of capitalists were to align right with his proposed ideal, these individuals could take decades to make an impact that would have an effect on an entire countries economy. (Milanovic, para. 9-20) Dollar and Kraays globalization policy would take the longest not only to implement, to take effect. Creating economic interdependency and expanding relations with other counties alone is a task, but the economic growth that would be expected to follow would take even longer. There are also many factors that can inhibit the policies continuity like war, terrorism and global economic crisis. References Arawatari, Ryo. Informatization, Voter Turnout and Income Inequality. Journal of Economic Inequality 7, no. 1 (2007): 29-54. Accessed April 27, 2015. doi:March 2009. Breaking the Camels Back. The Economist. October 4, 2014. Accessed April 15, 2015. http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21621908-what-impressive-work-economic-history-tells-you-about-inequality-breaking. Dollar, David, and Aart Kraay. Spreading the Wealth. Foreign Affairs. January 1, 2002. Accessed March 20, 2015. http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/57626/david-dollar-and-aart-kraay/spreading-the-wealth. Milanovic, Branko. Inequality and Its Discontents. Foreign Affairs. August 12, 2011. Accessed March 28, 2015. http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/68031/branko-milanovic/inequality-and-its-discontents. Muggah, Robert. Fixing Fragile Cities. Foreign Affairs. January 15, 2015. Accessed March 20, 2015. http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/142760/robert-muggah/fixingfragile-cities

A Grain of Wheat by Ngugi wa Thiong’o

This work of art is set in pre-independent Kenya as the struggle between the colonizers and the Africans escalate. It gives a clear picture of colonial Kenya as it were and as the Africans tried to resist British rule through the Mau Mau guerillas.A Grain of Wheat by Ngugi wa Thiong’o is a novel that illustrates the people of Kenya and each of their personal journeys as they all struggled for independence through the use of a few characters.   According to Nadine Gordimer, ‘it is an extremely interesting piece of work because it brings a new theme to African literature-the effects on a people of the changes brought about in themselves by the demands of a bloody and bitter struggle for independence’ p 226Mugo is depicted in the novel as one of the major characters. He is seen as an introvert and mostly keeps to himself. In the British reserve camps where the Africans lived and worked. He is seen as a hero as he led a hunger strike and came to the defence of a pre gnant woman who was to be beaten to death by a village guard. Ironically Mugo is the one who betrayed Kihika to the British and because of this, he is now the introvert he is and broods a lot.Apparently Mugo is also jealous of Kihika; this is evident when he thinks to himself ‘what right has such a boy †¦to talk like that? What arrogance?†¦I hate him, he heard himself say’. He resents Kihika that he should be able to command such respect from everyone as he does, including his elders who all listen when he talks. ‘their eyes were fixed on Kihika; their lives seemed dependent on his falling words.Kihika who is undoubtedly the hero in the novel is portrayed as a martyr. This is because he is seen to sacrifice himself for the good of the country. On the other hand, he alludes himself to Christ in the sense that he died for the good of the people. ‘Watch ye and pray†¦calling on his audience to remember the great Swahili proverb kikulacho kiko nguo ni mwako. Meaning, those who betray you are usually your closest allies. This further alludes to him as Jesus and Mugo as Judas Iscariot.Mumbi is Kihika’s sister and Gikonyo’s wife. She is said to be the most beautiful woman in the area. Although not voluntary, she betrays her husband with his rival Karanja when he forces her to sleep with him. This causes great resentment from her husband when he returns from prison. Mumbi sees herself as the biblical Ester in trying to bring in justice for the people.Karanja although an African, is a collaborator. In this sense, he betrays his people by siding with the white man and betraying his people. He is suspected by the people as being the one who sold out Kihika but ironically it wasn’t him. He is jealous of   gikonyo but at the same time refuses to consider him a serious rival for Mumbi.

Dharma Bums

Erica Schlecht Professor George Dorsty English 223 2 April 2013 A True Dharma Bum One of the most powerful quotes in the entire book that I feel sums up what it is to be a dharma bum, â€Å" I felt free and therefore I was free†. This quote from Ray Smith shows that a dharma bum must always believe in oneself and take the journey to becoming a Dharma bum from within. Although one can learn from fellow dharma bums such as the Saint Teresa bum, Han Shan, and Japhy the ultimate truth of being Dharma bum comes from within.Saint Teresa Bum is the â€Å"first genuine dharma bum† that Ray Smith, the main character is Dharma Bums has ever met. The book starts off with Smith jumping into a box car where he runs into the Saint Teresa bum. The bum found a prayer written by Saint Teresa that he cut out of a reading room magazine in Los Angeles a few years before. He reads this poem to himself every single day as he roams around staying out of everyone else’s way. When Smith asked the bum about his religion he was very modest about it.Smith also noticed that the bum was much more patient than he when it came to the boxcar being so cold. Although Smith never fully reveals why he thinks he is the first true dharma bum he has met, I believe it is because he humbles Smith and teaches him more about being a true dharma bum than he could have ever imagined. Before meeting the bum, Smith felt very secure and sure that he was a true bum. After seeing how loyal this bum was to reading his prayer and staying true to himself he re thinks what it means to be a dharma bum.The Saint Teresa bum’s patience, focus on prayer, and spirit about life make him a dharma bum. Another Dharma Bum that Jack Kerouac learns from is Han Shan. From the book we see that, â€Å"Han Shan you see was a Chinese scholar who got sick of the big city and the world and took off to hide in the mountains† (14). He wrote â€Å"Cold Mountains† a thousand years ago scribbled o n the sides of clips hundreds of miles away from human beings. He only had one human friend, a â€Å"funny Zen lunatic Shin-te† who was a poet but did not write down his poems.Hand Shan was Japhy Ryder’s hero because he was a poet, mountain man, a Buddhist dedicated to the principle of meditation on the essence of all things, vegetation. A man of solitude who could take off by himself and live purely and true to himself. From Han Shan one can take away that a Dharma Bum is one who follows the same life that Han Shan does. A dharma bum must be able to live in solitude and be dedicated to meditation. Both things that all of the dharma bums written about in this novel strive to do.The truest dharma bum that is written about in the novel Dharma Bums is the one of the main characters, Japhy Ryder. Japhy teaches â€Å"Dharma Bums refusing to subscribe to the general demand that they consume production and therefore have to work for the privilege of consuming, all that cramp they didn't really want anyway such as refrigerators, TV sets, cars, at least new fancy cars, certain hair oils and deodorants and general junk you finally always see a week later in the garbage anyway, all of them imprisoned in a system of work, produce, consume, work, produce, consume†¦ (Chapter 13). A dharma bum according to Jack Keroac is on that does not fall into the traps of society such as those who find happiness in work and worldly possessions. This comes back to the idea that your car is driving you to work. If you did not feel the need to purchase the car then you would not have to work. The simplicity of life is praised and sought after in the life of a dharma bum. One must be okay with the solidarity and embracing oneself. The dharma bums also tend to follow a buddhist life style.In chapter 24 the same idea is brought up, â€Å"Maybe I'll be rich and work and make a lot of money and live in a big house. † But a minute later: â€Å"And who wants to enslave himself to a lot of all that, though? † (Chapter 24). Jack Kerouac’s writing about this shows that dharma bums do not need to fit into the mold of working society to be happy. At the same time a dharma bum is not one that sits around doing nothing, but one who constantly searches for oneself in nature and the things around him.This is shown in another quote from the book, â€Å"by God, you're right, all those sedentary bums sitting around on pillows hearing the cry of a triumphant mountain smasher, they don't deserve it† (Chapter 12). Smith discusses what he has learned from Japhy here, â€Å"I realized I had indeed learned from Japhy how to cast off the evils for the world and the city and find my true pure soul, just as long as I had a decent pack on my back. I got back to my camp and spread the sleeping bag and thanked the Lord for all He was giving me† (156). Japhy has taught Smith that the Lord gives us all that we need and to look within the find tr ue Dharma Bum peace.Being a Dharma Bum is not something that can be defined as one particular thing. Following certain procedures such as disposing of worldly possessions to look within and find oneself is a good step, but cannot truly define one’s journey. The Dharma Bums that Smith learns from, the Saint Teresa bum, Han Shan, and Japhy are all great examples and can be learned from. Many things can be taken away from their own personal journey such as the focus on nature and looking inward. Works Cited Kerouac, Jack. The Dharma Bums. New York: Penguin, 2006. 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Formal Introductions in Japanese

Japan is a country whose culture stresses ritual and formality.  Proper etiquette is expected in business, for example, and even  saying​ hello  has a set of strict rules.  Japanese culture is steeped in honorific traditions and hierarchies depending on a persons age, social status, and relation. Even husbands and wives use honorifics when speaking to each other. Learning how to make formal introductions in Japanese is vital if you plan to visit the country, do business there, or even take part in ceremonies such as weddings. Something as seemingly innocuous as  saying hello at a party  comes with a strict set of social rules. The tables below can help ease you through this process. Each table includes the transliteration of the introductory word or phrase on the left, with the word or words written in Japanese letters underneath. (Japanese letters are generally written in  hiragana, which is the more widely used portion of the Japanese kana, or syllabary, having characters that are cursive.) The English translation is on the right. Formal Introductions In Japanese, there are several levels of formality. The expression, nice to meet you, is spoken very differently depending on the social status of the recipient. Note that those of a higher social status requires a longer greeting. Greetings also become shorter as the formality decreases. The table below shows how to deliver this phrase in Japanese, depending on the level of formality and/or the status of the person you are greeting. Douzo yoroshiku onegaishimasu. Very formal expressionUsed to a higher Yoroshiku onegaishimasu. To a higher Douzo yoroshiku. To an equal Yoroshiku. To a lower Honorific O or Go As in English,  an  honorific  is a conventional word, title, or  grammatical  form that signals respect, politeness, or social deference. An honorific is also known as a  courtesy title  or an  address term. In Japanese,  the honorific o 㠁ŠÂ  or go 㠁” can be attached to the front of some nouns as a formal way of saying your. It is very polite.   o-kuni someone elses country o-namae someone elses name o-shigoto someone elses job go-senmon someone elses field of study There are some cases where o or go does not mean your. In these cases, the honorific o makes the word more polite. You might expect that tea, which is very important in Japan, would require an honorific o. But, even something as mundane as a toilet requires the honorific o as the table below illustrates. o-cha tea (Japanese tea) o-tearai toilet Addressing People The title san—meaning Mr., Mrs., or Miss—is used for both male and female names, followed by either the family name or the given name. It is a respectful title, so you cannot attach it your own name or to the name of one of your family members. For example, if a persons family name is  Yamada,  you would great him as  Yamada-san, which would be the equivalent of saying, Mr. Yamada. If a young, single womans name is Yoko, you would address her as  Yoko-san, which translates into English as Miss Yoko.